Stock Markets February 26, 2026

UK Court Refuses Amazon Permission to Appeal Certification of Two Mass Lawsuits

Court of Appeal declines bid to challenge opt-out certification of retailer and consumer claims alleging Buy Box bias and logistics favoritism

By Sofia Navarro AMZN
UK Court Refuses Amazon Permission to Appeal Certification of Two Mass Lawsuits
AMZN

A UK court on Thursday denied Amazon permission to appeal the certification of two collective lawsuits that together seek up to 4 billion pounds in damages. One case, brought by competition academic Andreas Stephan on behalf of more than 200,000 third-party sellers, is valued at as much as 2.7 billion pounds and alleges manipulation of the Buy Box and preference for products using Amazon’s logistics and delivery services. A separate consumer claim from Robert Hammond, representing millions of customers, is worth up to 1.3 billion pounds. Amazon had sought to prevent certification, arguing flaws in the economic methodology underpinning the cases; the Court of Appeal has refused permission to appeal the Competition Appeal Tribunal’s prior opt-out certification.

Key Points

  • The Court of Appeal refused Amazon permission to appeal the certification of two collective lawsuits in the UK.
  • Andreas Stephan filed a claim on behalf of over 200,000 third-party sellers worth up to 2.7 billion pounds, alleging Buy Box manipulation and favoritism for products using Amazon logistics and delivery.
  • Robert Hammond filed a separate consumer claim for millions of customers valued at up to 1.3 billion pounds; both cases were certified on an opt-out basis by the Competition Appeal Tribunal.

Amazon suffered a legal setback on Thursday when the Court of Appeal declined to grant the company permission to appeal a decision allowing two collective lawsuits in the United Kingdom to proceed. The lawsuits were certified last year by the Competition Appeal Tribunal on an opt-out basis, meaning individuals in the defined claimant classes will be included unless they explicitly opt out.

One of the claims was brought by Andreas Stephan, a competition law academic, on behalf of in excess of 200,000 third-party sellers. That claim is valued at up to 2.7 billion pounds and accuses Amazon of manipulating the "Buy Box" function on its marketplace to benefit the company, and of showing preference for products that rely on Amazon’s own logistics centres and delivery network.

The second suit was filed by consumer advocate Robert Hammond for millions of Amazon customers. That consumer claim is valued at up to 1.3 billion pounds and raises similar allegations of abuse of a dominant market position.

Amazon had argued that both cases should not have been certified to proceed, contending among other points that the economic methodology intended to prove the claims was flawed. The company has maintained that the allegations lack merit. After the Competition Appeal Tribunal certified both claims on an opt-out basis, Amazon sought permission to take that certification to the Court of Appeal.

On Thursday the Court of Appeal refused to grant permission for that appeal. The refusal leaves the Competition Appeal Tribunal’s certification in place and allows the collective proceedings to move forward unless members of the claimant classes choose to opt out.

Amazon did not immediately provide a comment in response to the ruling. The reporting included a currency reference of $1 = 0.7390 pounds.


Context and process notes

The opt-out certification means affected retailers and consumers are automatically included in the litigation unless they elect otherwise. Amazon’s challenge focused on the early-stage certification decision, including the way the claimants proposed to establish harm using economic analysis. The Court of Appeal’s refusal to permit an appeal preserves the tribunal’s earlier judgment allowing the collective claims to proceed.

Risks

  • The rulings allow large-scale collective litigation to proceed, creating potential legal and financial exposure for Amazon - this impacts the e-commerce and logistics sectors.
  • Uncertainty remains around the economic methodology used to prove damages, as Amazon argued those techniques were flawed and sought to prevent certification - this affects how antitrust damages claims may be litigated in the markets sector.
  • The opt-out structure means many retailers and consumers could remain in the cases unless they opt out, increasing the scale and complexity of the litigation - relevant to legal services and corporate compliance functions.

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