Economy March 12, 2026

Turkish central bank likely to keep policy rate at 37% as reserves fall and oil price risk looms

Bank of America expects no immediate rate hike despite significant FX reserve depletion and regional tensions that could push inflation higher

By Maya Rios
Turkish central bank likely to keep policy rate at 37% as reserves fall and oil price risk looms

Bank of America analysts expect the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye to leave its policy rate unchanged at 37% at the Monetary Policy Council meeting. The forecast comes as foreign exchange reserves have fallen by about $21 billion through Monday, excluding gold valuation effects, and as oil price dynamics tied to Middle East tensions pose a potential inflationary threat. Although the banking system faces a liquidity squeeze, the central bank has operational tools that could allow it to influence local rates without raising the policy rate immediately.

Key Points

  • Bank of America expects Türkiye's central bank to keep the policy rate at 37% at the Monetary Policy Council meeting.
  • Foreign exchange reserves declined by about $21 billion through Monday, excluding gold valuation, increasing external pressure on the lira and monetary authorities.
  • Banking-sector liquidity constraints have prompted the central bank to suspend the one-week repo at 37% and provide financing at the 40% overnight lending rate, allowing management of local rates without raising the policy rate.

Bank of America analysts expect the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye to maintain its policy rate at 37% when the Monetary Policy Council convenes today.

The outlook arrives against a difficult external and domestic backdrop. Foreign exchange reserves have decreased by roughly $21 billion through Monday this week, excluding the valuation impact of gold reserves. At the same time, analysts highlight the potential for inflationary pressure linked to disruptions in the Middle East.

Despite those pressures, Bank of America judges that an interest-rate increase is unlikely at this meeting. Daily data on foreign exchange deposits show only a modest decline, a contrast with the deposit dollarization that followed events in March 2025.

Domestic banking conditions have shifted into a liquidity shortage, a development that has led the central bank to suspend the one-week repo at 37% and instead finance banks at the 40% overnight lending rate. That operational stance provides the central bank with an enhanced ability to manage local market rates, including deposit rates, without adjusting the policy rate itself.

Analysts caution, however, that the Monetary Policy Council could opt for a rate increase to build additional buffers in support of the currency if conditions warrant.

Market indicators show some easing of near-term currency stress. Three-month Turkish lira forward rates have fallen by about 10 percentage points from Monday's intraday peak of 47.3% as pressure on oil prices subsided and the central bank continued to support the USD/TRY rate through reserve deployment under its crawling peg mechanism.

Bank of America analysts emphasize that currency pressures in the coming weeks will be influenced heavily by oil price movements. UBS oil analysts project Brent crude averaging $80 per barrel in March. They note Brent could decline to the mid-$70s per barrel if a rapid de-escalation in the Middle East occurs, but that prices could rise above $100 per barrel later in March if disruption in the Strait of Hormuz persists.


Taken together, the central bank's current toolbox - a combination of standing facilities and active reserve management - appears to be the preferred route for now rather than an immediate policy-rate tightening, according to the Bank of America assessment. Nonetheless, the path forward remains sensitive to oil price developments and reserve dynamics.

Risks

  • Further erosion of FX reserves could force policy tightening to defend the currency, affecting the banking sector and deposit rates.
  • Escalation in Middle East tensions could push oil prices higher, adding inflationary pressure and straining the lira and import-dependent sectors.
  • Continued liquidity shortages in the banking system could limit monetary policy flexibility and increase volatility in local rates and deposit pricing.

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