Economy February 26, 2026

PBOC to Remove FX Risk Reserve on Forwards, Cutting Dollar-Buying Costs

Move reverses 2022 hike as yuan's recent gains ease earlier pressures on the currency

By Maya Rios
PBOC to Remove FX Risk Reserve on Forwards, Cutting Dollar-Buying Costs

China's central bank said it will eliminate the foreign exchange risk reserve applied to certain currency forwards, lowering the effective cost for institutions that buy U.S. dollars via these instruments. The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) will reduce the requirement from 20% to zero for financial institutions purchasing foreign exchange through forwards, effective March 2. The decision reverses a September 2022 policy that raised reserve requirements to counter rapid yuan depreciation and capital outflows. The yuan strengthened last year, recording its largest annual gain since 2020 and moving past the 7-per-dollar level, with momentum continuing into the new year.

Key Points

  • The PBOC will reduce the foreign exchange risk reserve on currency forwards for financial institutions from 20% to zero, effective March 2.
  • The adjustment is a reversal of a September 2022 decision that raised reserve requirements to help stem rapid yuan losses and capital outflows; the yuan strengthened significantly last year and moved past the 7-per-dollar level, with momentum continuing into the new year.
  • Sectors directly implicated include financial institutions active in FX forwards and the broader foreign exchange market, since the change lowers the cost of buying dollars through forwards.

BEIJING, Feb 27 - China's central bank announced on Friday that it will remove the foreign exchange risk reserve applied to some currency forward contracts, a change the bank said will lower the cost of buying U.S. dollars through those instruments.

Policy change and timing

The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) said it will cut the foreign exchange risk reserve rate for financial institutions when they purchase foreign exchange through currency forwards to zero from the previous 20% level. The revision is scheduled to take effect on March 2.

Return to pre-2022 stance

The step reverses the PBOC’s September 2022 action to raise risk reserve requirements, a measure then intended to stem rapid losses in the yuan and counter capital outflows. By restoring the reserve to zero, the central bank is effectively rolling back that particular tightening instrument for forwards.

Context on the yuan

The yuan posted its largest annual gain against the U.S. dollar since 2020 during the previous year, at one point strengthening past the psychologically important 7-per-dollar level. According to the central bank's announcement, that upward trend in the currency has extended into the new year.


What the announcement says

  • The PBOC will lower the foreign exchange risk reserves on currency forwards from 20% to 0%.
  • The change applies to financial institutions purchasing foreign exchange through forwards.
  • The policy takes effect on March 2.

Immediate implication noted by the central bank

The PBOC characterized the move as a way to reduce the cost of dollar buying via forwards. The statement framed the action as a reversal of the reserve-rate increase implemented in September 2022, which had been intended to address rapid yuan depreciation and capital outflows at that time.


Reporting on the announcement is limited to the details provided by the PBOC about the reserve-rate change, the effective date, and the bank's description of prior policy intent. Additional consequences or market reactions were not detailed in the announcement.

Risks

  • The announcement reverses a policy tool previously used to address rapid yuan depreciation and capital outflows; how the removal of that tool will affect the central bank's ability to respond to future currency stress was not detailed.
  • The PBOC provided limited information beyond the change in reserve rate and effective date, leaving uncertainty about operational details and how market participants will react.
  • The shift removes a prior constraint on the cost of dollar purchases via forwards for financial institutions, which could change demand dynamics in the FX forwards market; the specific market impact was not quantified in the statement.

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