Economy March 11, 2026

Administration to Open Section 301 Tariff Investigations Into Multiple Countries

USTR-led probes will follow recent temporary global duties and include consultations, hearings and public comment

By Avery Klein
Administration to Open Section 301 Tariff Investigations Into Multiple Countries

The Trump administration plans to launch tariff investigations under Section 301 aimed at multiple countries over alleged unfair trade practices, with the U.S. Trade Representative overseeing a process that includes consultation with foreign governments, public hearings and comment periods. The probes are expected to be announced as soon as Wednesday and are intended to replace the temporary 10% global duties introduced last month after a Supreme Court ruling affected second-term tariffs.

Key Points

  • The administration plans to start Section 301 investigations targeting multiple countries over alleged unfair trade practices.
  • The U.S. Trade Representative's office will lead the probes and will engage in consultations with foreign governments, plus hearings and public comment before any tariffs are imposed.
  • These Section 301 actions are intended to replace the temporary 10% global duties introduced last month after a Supreme Court ruling affected earlier second-term tariffs.

The administration is preparing to initiate new tariff investigations aimed at multiple countries on the grounds of alleged unfair trade practices, according to people familiar with the plans. Officials are expected to make the announcement as soon as Wednesday, with the measures to be pursued under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974.

Section 301 provides authority for the president to levy tariffs on foreign governments that discriminate against U.S. firms or otherwise impede U.S. commerce. The upcoming probes will be carried out by the U.S. Trade Representative's office, which will engage in consultation with the governments of the countries under review.

The review process under Section 301 will include formal steps before any duties can be imposed. That process requires the USTR to hold hearings and make opportunities available for public comment, allowing businesses, trade groups and other stakeholders to present information and arguments relevant to the investigations.

According to the officials briefed on the plan, these Section 301 investigations are intended to serve as a follow-up to the temporary 10% global duties the president put in place last month. Those 10% levies were introduced after a recent ruling by the Supreme Court found many of the administration's second-term tariffs to be unlawful, prompting the shift to a new legal pathway.

Within the USTR-led process, consultations with foreign governments are a prescribed element, and hearings and comment periods are designed to provide transparency and input before any additional levies would be finalized. The administration's use of Section 301 in this instance is framed as a replacement mechanism for the short-term global duties currently in force.

The timing of the announcement - potentially as soon as Wednesday - was described by sources familiar with the plans. Beyond that timeline and the procedural steps outlined under Section 301, details about which specific countries would be targeted or the scope of potential tariffs were not provided by those sources.


Clear summary

The administration will announce Section 301 investigations into alleged unfair trade practices by multiple countries, to be run by the U.S. Trade Representative's office and accompanied by consultations, hearings and public comment. These probes are meant to replace temporary 10% global duties enacted last month after a Supreme Court ruling affected earlier second-term tariffs.

Key context

  • Investigations will be initiated under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, which authorizes tariffs on nations that discriminate against U.S. firms or commerce.
  • The U.S. Trade Representative's office will conduct the probes and must consult with foreign governments as part of the process.
  • The process includes hearings and opportunities for public comment prior to any imposition of levies.

Risks

  • Timing uncertainty - while officials say an announcement could come as soon as Wednesday, the schedule and scope of the probes may change as the USTR conducts consultations and prepares hearings.
  • Procedure-related delays - the required consultations, hearings and public comment periods could extend the timeframe before any tariffs are implemented.
  • Scope uncertainty - the article does not specify which countries or industries will be targeted, leaving unclear which exporters and trade-dependent sectors might be affected.

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