Currencies March 20, 2026

Pound Retreats as Oil Rally Counters BoE’s Hawkish Surprise

Sterling slips intraday but remains on track for a weekly gain after the Bank of England’s unexpected tone reshapes rate expectations amid oil-driven market uncertainty

By Leila Farooq
Pound Retreats as Oil Rally Counters BoE’s Hawkish Surprise

Sterling fell on Friday, pulled down by firming oil prices even after the Bank of England delivered a more hawkish-than-expected message that has lifted expectations for future UK interest rates. The pound eased to $1.34, trimming some of Thursday’s strong advance, while EUR/GBP was steady and EUR/USD retreated amid renewed dollar support and ECB rate-hike considerations.

Key Points

  • Sterling slipped 0.3% to $1.34 at 12:52 GMT but remained up 1.2% for the week - impacting foreign exchange markets and UK trade flows.
  • The Bank of England’s unanimous 9-0 hold and public discussion of rate hikes by a dovish member repriced money markets to about 80 basis points of tightening by year-end - affecting fixed income and financial market pricing.
  • Oil volatility, driven by uncertainty around the Iran conflict and shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, is the dominant market driver and is influencing currency moves and commodity-sensitive sectors.

Sterling edged lower on Friday as a resurgence in oil prices tempered investor appetite for the pound, though the currency remained positioned to record a weekly gain following an unexpectedly hawkish Bank of England policy outcome.

At 12:52 GMT the pound was 0.3% weaker versus the dollar at $1.34, a partial reversal of Thursday’s 1.31% rally. For the week, sterling was still up 1.2%.

Across other crosses, EUR/GBP was largely unchanged as tightening expectations priced into both the European Central Bank and the Bank of England broadly offset one another. Meanwhile EUR/USD slipped 0.2% to 1.15, pulling back from Thursday’s 1.2% advance as the dollar found tentative support, even with the ECB signaling that an April rate increase was a serious possibility.

The Bank of England surprised markets on Thursday with a unanimous 9-0 vote to keep borrowing costs unchanged, confounding traders who had expected at least two MPC members to prefer a cut. In a notable procedural shift, the committee’s most dovish member, Swati Dhingra, publicly discussed the possibility of rate hikes as a means to stabilise inflation dynamics. In response, money markets adjusted quickly, with traders pricing roughly 80 basis points of tightening by year-end.

ING warned that such rapid repricing may overshoot fundamentals, cautioning that the conditions for second-round inflation effects are less marked than they were in 2022.

Despite the BoE’s surprise, oil prices remained the primary force moving markets. Brent crude exhibited volatility amid lingering uncertainty tied to the Iran conflict and transit risks through the Strait of Hormuz. "Rate expectations should remain fluid and commodity price dependent, and continue to play a secondary role for FX," said Francesco Pesole, FX Strategist at ING.

Pesole added that the BoE’s hawkish tilt was nonetheless providing some incremental support for sterling, though geopolitical developments continued to set the broader market tone.

ING maintained a bullish stance on EUR/GBP, targeting 0.88 by the end of the second quarter, and flagged May local elections together with the prospect of BoE cuts further out as drivers of that view.


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Risks

  • Oil price swings tied to the Iran conflict and Strait of Hormuz developments could continue to inject volatility into FX and energy markets - energy companies and import-dependent economies are exposed.
  • Rapid market repricing toward tighter UK rates may be excessive according to ING, creating uncertainty for bond markets and rate-sensitive sectors in the absence of sustained second-round inflation pressures.
  • Geopolitical developments remain a key source of market direction, potentially overriding central bank signals and complicating planning for exporters, importers, and financial institutions.

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