Economy April 9, 2026 08:07 AM

Poland's central bank pauses at 3.75% as Middle East tensions and higher commodity costs cloud outlook

Monetary Policy Council holds benchmark rate after March reduction; officials flag geopolitical-driven fuel price rises and prolonged inflationary pressures

By Sofia Navarro
Poland's central bank pauses at 3.75% as Middle East tensions and higher commodity costs cloud outlook

Poland's Monetary Policy Council kept the main interest rate at 3.75%, matching market expectations. The pause follows a 25 basis point cut last month and comes amid concerns that the Middle East conflict and a jump in commodity prices have pushed inflation higher, complicating the path for further easing.

Key Points

  • Poland's main interest rate remains at 3.75% after the Monetary Policy Council's decision to pause following a 25 basis point cut last month.
  • Inflation rose to 3.0% year-on-year in March from 2.1% in February, driven primarily by higher fuel prices linked to the Middle East conflict.
  • Policymakers and analysts, including Piotr Bielski, expect rates to stay unchanged through the end of 2027 given persistent upside inflation risks and recent commodity price spikes.

Poland's central bank left its principal interest rate unchanged at 3.75% on Thursday, a decision that aligned with the expectations of all 30 analysts in a recent survey. The Monetary Policy Council's move follows a 25 basis point reduction implemented last month, which set the benchmark rate at its current level.

Since May 2025 the central bank has reduced borrowing costs by a total of two percentage points. That easing path included the most recent cut, made in March, after which Governor Adam Glapinski identified the war in Iran as the greatest inflation risk facing Poland. At the time, he indicated that if geopolitical tensions eased quickly further rate cuts could be possible.

However, a number of policymakers on the council have signalled more recently that additional easing is unlikely in the near term while the conflict persists. The council's decision to hold rates reflects this reassessment as well as the evolving inflation picture.

Piotr Bielski, head of the economic analysis department at Santander Bank Polska, said the choice to keep rates steady was unsurprising given recent developments. "The decision to keep rates on hold was quite obvious, given that a spike in commodity prices raised uncertainty about the inflation outlook," he said.

Inflation in Poland accelerated to 3.0% year-on-year in March, up from 2.1% in February. The increase was driven by higher fuel prices, which were themselves linked to the Middle East conflict. Those price moves have complicated the central bank's task of returning inflation to target.

Bielski expressed the view that inflation is unlikely to return to the central bank's 2.5% target before the end of 2027, even when accounting for government interventions such as tax cuts and price caps at petrol stations. Based on that outlook he expects the central bank to maintain the policy rate at current levels through the remainder of 2027.

The Monetary Policy Council will publish a formal statement on the meeting's outcome. Governor Glapinski is scheduled to hold a news conference at 1300 GMT to outline the council's assessment and explain the decision.


Contextual note - The council's hold on rates comes against a backdrop of elevated commodity costs and geopolitical uncertainty that have fed into consumer prices. Policymakers have signalled a cautious stance, balancing the prior easing cycle with new upside risks to inflation.

Risks

  • Geopolitical uncertainty - The ongoing Middle East conflict is cited as a key risk pushing up fuel and commodity prices, which in turn elevates inflationary pressures; this primarily affects energy and transportation sectors.
  • Prolonged elevated inflation - With consumer inflation above target and not expected to return to 2.5% before end-2027, real incomes and consumer-facing sectors may face headwinds from sustained price pressures.
  • Policy inertia - If the central bank keeps rates on hold through 2027 as expected, sectors sensitive to interest rates such as real estate and credit markets could experience extended periods of unchanged borrowing costs.

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