Economy May 19, 2026 08:40 AM

Brazilian Central Bank Flags Concern Over Inflation Expectations for 2028

Monetary policy director says restrictive stance will persist until confidence in inflation convergence rises

By Avery Klein

Nilton David, monetary policy director at Brazil's central bank, told a Santander-hosted event that policymakers are worried inflation expectations - particularly for 2028 - are drifting away from the 3% target. He said the economy is no longer growing above potential and that the bank will keep policy in contractionary territory until it is confident inflation is moving toward the goal.

Brazilian Central Bank Flags Concern Over Inflation Expectations for 2028

Key Points

  • Monetary policy director Nilton David said inflation expectations - especially for 2028 - have moved away from the central bank's 3% target.
  • Policymakers will maintain a restrictive, contractionary policy stance until they are confident inflation is moving toward the target; the bank intends to remain contractionary at the end of the calibration process.
  • Officials view monetary policy as having an effect on growth, noting the economy is no longer expanding above potential; the bank will act with caution and may adjust if the output gap is judged not to be neutral.

Brazil's central bank is watching longer-term inflation expectations closely after its monetary policy director, Nilton David, said the outlook for 2028 has moved away from the official 3% target. Speaking Tuesday at an event hosted by Santander, David stressed that the development is a key concern for policymakers.

David said the central bank will retain a restrictive policy stance until officials are confident inflation is converging toward the target. "We are keeping monetary policy under contractionary conditions until we are convinced that inflation is heading towards target," he said. He added that, at the conclusion of the calibration process, "the bank will remain in a contractionary monetary policy stance."

The director noted that the policy tightening appears to be having an effect on the pace of activity. According to David, "monetary policy is working, as the economy is not growing above potential as it was previously." That shift in the growth profile underpins the central bank's readiness to keep policy restrictive while watching inflation dynamics.

David identified expectations for 2028 as particularly troubling. "Inflation expectations trouble us the most, especially 2028," he said, explaining that those expectations imply the market is not convinced inflation will converge toward the official target.

At the same time, David emphasized the central bank's methodical approach to decision-making. "We want to have serenity, we don’t want to react to a single point of data," he said, and added that "With serenity we are capable of not moving too fast." He described the bank's stance as deliberate rather than reactive, with a focus on the evidence provided by incoming data.

David also signaled that the bank retains flexibility in its framework. If officials conclude that the output gap is not neutral, they will adjust their strategy accordingly, he said. That conditionality underscores that while the current posture is contractionary, future moves will be guided by evolving assessments of both inflation prospects and the stance of the economy.


Event: Remarks made at a Santander-hosted event on Tuesday.
Core message: Central bank will hold contractionary policy until convinced inflation is returning to the 3% target, with particular concern about 2028 expectations.

Risks

  • Persistent divergence of inflation expectations for 2028 from the 3% target creates uncertainty for the timing of policy easing - this affects financial markets and fixed income sectors.
  • Ongoing restrictive policy until clearer evidence of inflation convergence could weigh on demand-sensitive parts of the economy if contractionary conditions persist.
  • Uncertainty in assessments of the output gap introduces the risk that the central bank may change strategy if officials determine the gap is not neutral.

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